Bank Lawyer's Blog

More Depth On Legal Issues Surrounding Marijuana Banking

2015-01-04T21:58:00-06:00

University of Alabama Law Professor Julie Anderson Hill has posted a draft of a work-in-progress, an article for an upcoming Case Western Law Review Symposium Issue, entitled "Banks, Marijuana, and Federalism." In it, she explores the legal issues surrounding banks providing banking services to state-legal marijuana-related businesses in more depth than you'll see on the pages of this rag. While it requires some polishing (including the addition of a specific discussion of Fourth Corner, the Colorado cannabis co-op, in a section in the later portion of the article that she discusses in passing earlier in the article), I found it to be a valuable addition to the analysis of the risks to banks that want to provide services to such businesses.

Here's a portion of the "abstract" of the article provided by Professor Hill, which summarizes her approach and conclusions:

This article explores the root of the marijuana banking problem as well as possible solutions. It explains that although the United States has a dual banking system comprised of both federal- and state-chartered institutions, when it comes to marijuana banking, federal regulation is pervasive and controlling. Marijuana banking access cannot be solved by the states acting alone for two reasons. First, marijuana is illegal under federal law. Second, federal law enforcement and federal financial regulators have significant power to punish institutions that do not com-ply with federal law. Unless Congress acts to remove one or both of these barriers, most financial institutions will not provide services to the marijuana industry. But marijuana banking requires more than just Congressional action. It requires that federal financial regulators set clear and achievable due diligence requirements for institutions with marijuana business customers. As long as financial institutions risk federal punishment for any marijuana business customer’s misstep, institutions will not provide marijuana banking.

Among the many fascinating (to a nerd like me, at any rate) observations made by Professor Hill was the following potential problem with the Federal Reserve approving Fourth Corner's access to the federal reserve payments system:

If the Federal Reserve provided payment services to a cannabis credit co-op, the Federal Reserve and its employees would be engaging in money laundering. They might also be conspiring to manufacture and distribute marijuana, aiding and abetting the manufacture and distribution of marijuana, and acting as accessories after the fact for the manufacture and distribution of marijuana.

As long as they don't process payments for payday lenders, online dating services, or Smith & Wesson, they should be safe from prosecution under the "prosecutorial discretion" mantra chanted by the present executive branch monks until the current administration vacates the White House. The problem with that approach is that the statutes of limitation will not have expired by the time new Attorney General Ted Cruz decides to wage a little MJ jihad on every Justice Department and federal bank regulatory agency official who looked the other way when some bankers in Colorado or Washington lit up a fat boy and followed the money.

I also agree with her conclusion that, while action by the U.S. Congress is necessary, it's not enough. A change in attitude by federal bank regulators will also be required, whether of not we get a federal legislative fix. If due diligence requirements make it too risky and expensive to bank these businesses, then marijuana businesses are going to find themselves continuing to face problems that only a third-party payment processor or payday lender could truly appreciate.

Poison "IvI"

2014-11-02T21:54:00-06:00

*Kevin LaCroix discussed a recent federal district court decision that adds to the number of court rulings that the "Insured versus Insured" (IvI) exclusion in banks' D&O insurance policies does not preclude officers and directors of a failed bank from making a claim for coverage under the policy based upon claims of the FDIC as receiver against them for their alleged acts and omissions as officers and directors of the bank. This issue has come to the forefront again as a result of the waive of (mostly community) bank failures following the economic collapse of 2008. As was the case in the previous wave of savings and loan and bank failures in the late 1980s and early 1990s, insurance companies have attempted to invoke the exclusion in order to deny liability, arguing that the FDIC as receiver "steps into the shoes of the failed bank."

(As a side note, my Contracts professor in law school asserted that insurance companies have a very simple business model: Collect Premiums. Deny Liability.)

Kevin explains the exclusion in the specific policy.

The IvI Exclusion provided in pertinent part that the policy does not provide coverage for any claim against an Insured “brought by or on behalf of any Insured or Company [including the Bank] in any capacity.” The exclusion had a carve-back that preserved coverage for “a Claim that is a derivative action brought or maintained on behalf of the Company by one or more persons who are not Directors or Officers and who bring and maintain such Claim without the solicitation, assistance or active participation of any Director or Officer.”

The insurance company in the case discussed by Kevin asserted that the IvI barred coverage for claims asserted by the FDIC since the FDIC was itself the "Insured." The judge denied the motion for summary judgment filed by the insurance company and granted the FDIC and defendants' motion of summary judgment on the basis that the exclusion was "ambiguous" and could not, therefore, be used as a basis to deny coverage.

Judge Guilford went on to note that “the insurance company has the ability, as a repeat party to these contracts, to ensure that ambiguities are eliminated over time.” The insurer “had the opportunity to make clear in the Policy that the IvI Exclusion applied to the FDIC-R, and it could have done so with a simple statement.” Judge Guilford noted that, in fact, the carrier “provides an optional regulatory exclusion – not included on the policy here – that explicitly names the FDIC.”

Without thrashing through the weeds in a manner that would interest lawyers rather than bankers (and the lawyers can read the opinion via the link provided by Kevin), the takeaways for officers and directors are as follows:

Read your policy and obtain professional, independent help to ensure that you understand it and that you get the best possible protection. As the court points out, the "regulatory exclusion" could have left the defendants high and dry if the insurance company had inserted it in the policy, Understand what could bite you in the nether regions and shop around if you have to.
Get the protection you need before you need it. Your best opportunity to obtain the most favorable policy will be when things are going swimmingly, not when you're taking on water faster than you can bail out the dinghy.
While the trend of court decisions appears to be in favor of the insureds and against the insurer on the issue of IvI in the context of FDIC receivership claims against former officers and directors, the issue is far from settled. Kevin points out that contrary rulings do exist (one in the Northern District of Georgia, one of the less favorable regions to be from if you plan to run a bank into a ditch) and that there appears to be questionable reasoning in some of the favorable rulings. Therefore, expect insurers to continue to litigate the issue until doing so will open the door to a can of whoop-ass sanctions and a complete failure to pass the lying-with-a-straight-face test.

*Photo's Source: Barrett Insurance Agency

CFPB Cracks Down On "Marketing Services Agreements"

2014-10-05T21:48:00-05:00

One of the first posts I inflicted on an unspecting public, way back in 2004, when "W" was King and the bubble had not yet burst, was a rant about bogus referral arrangements that violated the anti-kickback provisions of Section 8 of RESPA. And although HUD itself once stubbed its toe over Section 8's threshold, both HUD and state regulators have been all over various schemes that attempt an end-run around RESPA's prohibition on referral fees.

With the late-night creation of Franken-Dodd, we now have the gentle ministrations of everyone's favorite benign Grandpa of a federal regulator, the CFPB, applied to Section 8, and as a recent MoFo alert advises, CFPB promises to be (in the lyrics of Jimmy Webb) a "harsh mistress."

The CFPB entered into a Consent Order with a title company (Lighthouse) on the basis that "marketing service agreements" for "advertising" with real estate companies were, in reality, disguised referral fee arrangements. Lenders who attempt similar arrangements with real estate-related businesses, in which compensation can be related to the volume of loan business referred to the lender should take a lesson.

As evidence of the violations, the CFPB cited the following:

Lighthouse failed to determine, or document a method for a determination of, the fair market value of the services it received under the MSAs.

Lighthouse determined the fees it paid under the MSA, in part, based on the number and value of referrals received by the related counterparty.

Lighthouse did not monitor whether it was receiving the services for which it contracted.

The number of referrals provided to Lighthouse by counterparties was significantly greater if Lighthouse had entered into an MSA with the counterparty.

In sum, the CFPB asserted that Lighthouse was unable to provide a legitimate fair market basis for its pricing under the MSAs and believed that there was a strong correlation between the pricing for each counterparty and the number of referrals Lighthouse received per the subject MSA’s.

Lighthouse paid a $200,000 penalty and the CFPB imposed a $5.00 cap on the value of any consideration that the title company to "referral sources." A fiver isn't likely going to generate beaucoup business for Lighthouse, is my completely obvious conclusion.

MoFo's "takeaways" are insightful.

As expected, the CFPB will look beyond the face of an MSA and consider the facts behind implementation, performance, and payments as between the settlement service provider and the referring party.

The CFPB in the Consent Order created a broad definition of “marketing services agreement,” a term that is not defined in RESPA.

The CFPB emphasized that an objective determination of “fair market value” of marketing services to be rendered must be performed with written documentation of the determination that is retained and available for review.

In the fair market value analysis, the CFPB frowned on the settlement service provider’s consideration of what other title companies in the market were willing to pay to referral sources for marketing services.

The necessity of monitoring MSA performance to ensure that services contracted for are actually delivered.

MSAs that result in more business being referred to the settlement service provider than is referred by the same referral sources not pursuant to MSAs provides evidence of a violation of RESPA §8(a). How the CFPB determined these differences is not clear from the Consent Order.

Any real estate services businesses that are starting to realize that when the CFPB is on the case, there will likely be no way to ever run this dodge again get a gold star for "perception." The last takeaway asks how the CFPB could have determined how much business is referred by the same source with a "marketing services agreement" and without such an agreement. I assume the authors of the alert are displaying a dry sense of humor. As everyone knows, with the CFPB being such a self-professed "data-driven" regulator, they'll always be able to find pertinent data, even if the hiding place is an orifice on their own body.

I don't think this is the beginning of the end of these types of arrangements. I think this the end. Period.

The again, there are always those living in caves who always are the last to hear. Thus, there may be a few more Consent Orders before "marketing services agreement" as ingenuously disguised referral arrangements finally become extinct.

The Benefit of Not Being a Bank

2014-05-04T21:55:00-05:00

Ever since the Care Bair and Company shot down Wal-Mart's attempt to enter the financial services business through the front door, the retailing behemoth has been charging full speed ahead through every side and back door it can cut into the wall, including foreign banking, store-based, check-cashing money centers, micro-lending, money transmission, and prepaid debit cards. The latest door opens into the insurance business.

The nation's largest retailer said Wednesday it is partnering with AutoInsurance.com to provide customers with "a one stop shop" for their auto insurance needs.

Wal-Mart will not sell insurance, but its customers can click through a link on walmart.com, or go to autoinsurance.com directly to get competing quotes from several car insurance providers such as Progressive, Esurance and Safeco to choose the policy and price that best fit their needs. Wal-Mart will also promote the service via displays in its stores.

[...]

Wal-Mart said the service will save customers money. The company cited a pilot program survey it conducted last year in Pennsylvania, where customers who purchased policies from autoinsurance.com on average said they saved $1,168 a year.

"We are always looking for ways to reduce complexity, increase transparency, and give everyday low prices to Wal-Mart shoppers," said Daniel Eckert, Wal-Mart's senior vice-president of services.

Eckert also stressed the simplicity of the site, which is able to retrieve information from a customer's current policy and automatically fill in most of the necessary coverage information.

[...]

Much of Wal-Mart's financial service offerings are targeted at people who do not have access to bank accounts, because they either cannot afford the high fees, or do not have stable enough jobs to be able to keep a minimum balance.

The federal banking regulators claim to be focused on encouraging banks to find ways to "bank the underbanked," while simultaneously driving many of those who do service those folks, or who service the businesses that service the "underbanked," out of the business.

As we speculated five years ago, Wal-Mart may have "dodged a bullet" by not owning an industrial bank." Free of the gentle ministrations of an overseer who knows what's best for the consumer, especially the fog-brained poor, Wal-Mart seems to be able to give the underbanked what they want, rather than what the Nanny State decides they need.

A Kerfuffle Fades To Black

2014-03-06T22:04:00-06:00

The forced placed insurance kerfuffle we last discussed three years ago appears to be winding its way to an unhappy ending for loan servicers in the way many claims against loan servicers, lenders, and big businesses of all kinds end in our over-lawyered land: paying huge sums to class action palintiffs' lawyers to make them go away.

To refresh our collective memories, forced placed insurance is property insurance that loan servicers buy when the borrower fails to keep the property insured. As we discussed previously, the practice has been around for decades, and makes sense in terms of protecting the collateral for home loans when the borrower fails to do so. However, as we said in our last post, government officials and the trial lawyers who follow them like orcas in a tuna boat's wake have been worked up over certain close relationships between force placed insurance companies and loan servicers. Commission splits, referral fees, and other alleged "kickbacks" have raised the ire of the righteous, who claim that the entire arrangement is a rip off of the borrower, who ends up having a very high premium added to the unpaid balance of his debt, a premium that would not be so high if servicers weren't profiting from the misery of the deadbeats downtrodden who don't pay their insurance premiums or, in many cases, their loans.

At any rate, after wading through the sludge of civil litigation for a while, servicers are starting to settle. Wells Fargo is the latest. Not that they think that they did anything they should have been sued for, mind you.

"While we believe the lender-placed insurance purchased on behalf of these borrowers was issued in accordance with the terms of the mortgages and applicable laws, we have decided to settle these cases to avoid protracted litigation,” Tom Goyda, a spokesman for Wells Fargo, told HousingWire. “We continue to support our lender-placed insurance services, which provide continuous insurance protection for real property customers when their voluntary insurance lapses.”

They continue to believe in it, but according to Housing Wire, they and the insurance companies are paying homeowners back about 11% of the amount of premiums. That is not chicken feed. Well, for the late John Candy's chicken, it might have been, but for a normal-sized chicken it's a big bag of cornmeal. The linked article also mentions that Chase paid $300 million in a settlement, and Citigroup another $110 million. How much of that actually made it into the pockets of affected homeowners is not related. You can bet your bottom dollar that the plaintiffs' lawyers made out like bandits very well.

My sentiments on this issue haven't changed much in the past three years. As I said in my previous post:

As I've indicated in other posts, I'm no fan of many of the practices of the loan servicers. However, as is the case with loan modifications, the root cause of this particular problem becoming a problem in the first place is the fact that borrowers don't comply with the loan terms they've negotiated. They are in default of the covenant in their mortgages to keep in place homeowners insurance that protects not only themselves, but the lender. The failure to keep such insurance in place gives the lender the contractual right to obtain the force-placed insurance or, for that matter, to declare the loan in default and foreclose. You don't want the servicer ordering expensive force-placed insurance? Pay your insurance premiums.

As I also said at the time, I am more sympathetic to loan investors, since the higher costs for insurance are ultimately borne by them, especially with respect to loans that borrowers don't repay. I thought that aspect of the problem could be better handled by changes to the servicing agreements.

I realize that my sentiments appears to be that of a small minority. The majority sentiment in this country appears to be that loan servicers are all public utilities that exist not to provide a valuable service to loan owners, but to provide low-cost public services to home owners. Any attempt to make money from the process is inherently suspicious and indicates an unreformed reactionary attitude out of line with the the concepts of liberty, equality, and fraternity that ought to motivate all of the citizens of the republic as they work together for "the common good," as determined by Elizabeth Warren and her running buddies.

Under the prevailing view, these servicers are getting just what they deserve. As are the class action lawyers who sue them.

Go Together Like A Fish And A Bicycle

2014-01-26T22:00:00-06:00

I have received unconfirmed reports this weekend that HUD has requested certain large mortgage loan servicers to send marketing materials to HUD borrowers reminding them to sign up for health insurance under the Affordable Care Act, aka "ObamaCare." As one unidentified commenter put it, considering the Claymation Death Match struggles between those large servicers and the federal government on a number of fronts, asking them to carry the Feds water on such a cluster-FUBAR is either a "ballsy move" or a demonstration of fatal hubris. I vote for the latter.

If this report is correct, it's the kind of strong-arm tactic typical of a crowd suckled on the mother's milk of South Side Chicago bare-knuckled local politics. After all, the large servicers have what the federal government can only dream about: an efficient information distribution system.They're also susceptible to arm-twisting, as evidenced by the billions recently coughed up for robo-signing, enforcing their investors' legal rights under loan documents by foreclosing when borrowers failed to make payments, and otherwise performing the job they are contractually obligated to do. You can understand why the ACA Gang That Couldn't Shoot Straight, led by Queen Kathleen and the Web Masters of Oz, would want to enlist the services of for-profit entities who, when their customers visit their web sites, are presented with a message other than The Blue Screen of Death.

The fact that mortgage loan servicers soliciting their borrowers to sign up for health insurance in order to save the ACA's (and the Democrats') bacon inspires "WTF!!??" reactions on so many levels should not impede the continued pursuit of this scheme, if it in fact exists. After all, the "Perpetual Speechifier" is a lame duck, so his attitude, and those of the minions at his beck and call, has to be "What are you gonna do about it, huh? Not vote for me the next time I don't run?"

I wonder if and when the main stream media will pick up on this thread to see if there is any meat on the bones?

Going Rogue

2013-07-22T22:40:00-05:00

I'm merely guessing, but I doubt that most of you have been to Ulysses, Kansas. I have been there, many years ago, and I can honestly say that the part of Kansas where Ulysses is situated seems to me what the surface of the moon must look like. The 2010 US Census states that the total population of Ulysses is just a wee bit north of 6,000. In other words, it seems an unlikely place where a gang of bank robbers would ply its trade, much less a gang of Bonnie Parkers who worked their illegal mojo from both inside and outside the institution.

According to The Garden City Telegram, four (now former) bank employees, who range in age from 28 to 59 (all of them, therefore, old enough to know better), embezzled over $84,000 from their employer from 2008 to 2010, staged a bank robbery in 2010 in an attempt to cover it up, and over the next three years embezzled another $24,000 and change before being caught. They each face decades in the federal slammer for embezzlement, bank robbery and--the worst sin of all--lying to the FBI.

Thirty-six years ago, shortly after I began my first stint as an in-house lawyer at a large financial institution, I was given the job of baby-sitting some bank branch employees while they testified as witnesses in the federal district court criminal trial in Denver of two bank robbers who had held up the branch with sawed-off shotguns and loud threats of violence. I remember the Assistant US Attorney who was trying the case telling me that while the FBI may not be top-notch at every task it attempts, one thing it has gotten down to a science is catching bank robbers and embezzlers. He claimed that it was the dumbest crime a crook could commit, because the odds were overwhelming that, sooner or later, you'd be nabbed. He also asserted that because of that, professional criminals look down on bank robbers as those of lesser talent.

And yet...in towns large and small, from The Big Apple to the wind-swept plains of wheat country, hope springs eternal in the larcenous heart. As long as that's the case, banks better have in place robust systems of checks and balances to catch those folks that banks fear the most: rogue employees.

M&A Litigation's Logical Consequences

2013-03-13T21:48:00-05:00

Last week, we discussed a recent study that had shown that nearly every merger or acquisition transaction involving a publicly traded company last year had resulted in a lawsuit by class action attorneys aggrieved shareholders. Yesterday, the American Banker (paid subscription required) ran a story about one of the consequences of this litigation-by-the-numbers: increased underwriting scrutiny from D&O insurance carriers.

"With a pickup in M&A activity, it is the one thing that we are asking about in every meeting," Heather Hill, a regional underwriting officer in Zurich North America's Chicago office, said during a panel discussion in Greensboro, N.C., hosted by the North Carolina Bankers Association last week.

"We'd want to know about the types of banks they want to buy, the condition of those banks and the loan portfolios" that would be acquired, Hill said in an interview following the discussion. "A one-off situation is different from [acquisitions becoming] a strategic way for a client. Transparency is the overarching theme."

For instance, banks owned by private-equity firms can expect "significantly higher requirements" for liability coverage, Eric Marshall, the managing director for financial institutions at Travelers, said during the panel discussion.

Other consequences include higher deductibles and higher premiums.

This increased scrutiny and expense comes on top of increases caused by FDIC claims against former shareholders and directors of failed banks.

Bankers have endured several years of increased premiums to insure directors and officers because of the financial crisis and a high rate of bank failures in 2009 and 2010. A heightened risk of litigation from the Federal Deposit Insurance Corp., which has a three-year window to pursue claims against managers of failed institutions, has continued to drive rates higher, panelists said.

I suppose this is looked at as simply another cost of doing business by those banks that are aggressive acquirers. For more conservative potential acquirers, it’s another potential downside to doing a deal.

The Not-So-Secret Facts of Life

2013-03-12T21:57:00-05:00

The LA Times obtained a bunch of documents from the FDIC pursuant to a FOIA request and uncovered some startling news: the FDIC is settling lawsuits against those it alleges caused banks to fail. Worse than that, the FDIC is agreeing not to issue press releases regarding many of the settlements. This earth-shattering news is labeled a "major policy shift" from the way the FDIC handled failed bank litigation that arose out of the last big bank meltdown, "when the FDIC trumpeted punitive actions against banks as a deterrent to others."

Before I address that last point, let's listen to some more suspicious minds support the Times theme that all of this "secret settlement" skulduggery smacks of some kind of plot to let evil-doers escape the lynch mobs that surely would have strung them up if only the FDIC had set public outrage en fuego by trumpeting these settlements from the top of the Rocky Mountains.

Critics fault the government for going easy on banks in the aftermath of the financial crisis. At a Feb. 14 hearing, Sen. Elizabeth Warren (D-Mass.), founder of the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau, criticized FDIC Chairman Martin J. Gruenberg along with other bank regulators for their reluctance to make examples of Wall Street firms by taking them to trial.

Quoting "The Founder" is a go-to proposition for the Times, and one that lacks the punch that soundbites from other less usual suspects bring to the table. In addition, the Times' accusations range far beyond Wall Street banks. It's mostly (if not entirely) the little guys that are being pursued. God forbid they should get a break today from anyone other than MacDonalds.

Attorneys who have represented bank officials and the FDIC said regulators are now far likelier to settle cases before filing lawsuits than after the last spate of failures, when more than 2,300 institutions collapsed in the 1980s and early 1990s, bankrupting a fund that insured savings and loan deposits. That crisis grew out of Reagan-era deregulation, which allowed thrifts already hurting from 1970s inflation to make riskier investments, including commercial real estate deals that soured en masse during the second half of the 1980s.

Critics describe the FDIC's current practice of low-profile deal-making as a major departure from the S&L crisis.

"In the old days, the regulators made it a point to embarrass everyone, to call attention to their role in bank failures," said former bank examiner Richard Newsom, who specialized in insider-abuse cases for the FDIC in the aftermath of the S&L debacle. The goal was simple: "to make other bankers scared."

Newsom said he couldn't understand the shift, unless the agency doesn't "want people to know how little they are settling for."

The FDIC should disclose as much as it can, said Lauren Saunders, managing attorney at the National Consumer Law Center in Washington. "Transparency is always better, and serves as a deterrent to future misconduct."

Yes, let's deter the future conduct of owning, managing, and directing a community bank that concentrates on loan products that the regulators find are being originated and managed within the parameters of safety and soundness guidelines until, within a few months, the world falls apart in the greatest economic collapse since the Great Depression. Thereafter, although we feel compelled to go after many failed bank officials, directors, and third parties because we've got an obligation to recover whatever losses to the fund we are able whenever we can do so without being laughed out of court, we understand, in our heart-of-hearts, notwithstanding the posturing we might do for political or litigation purposes, that these times are different than late 1980s.

This is what neither the Times nor its talking heads understand (or, if they do understand, will admit): the facts are different this time. In the 1980s, there were a number of outright crooks involved in the banking and, especially, the thrift business in certain parts of the country, some wearing stetsons and cowboy boots, others clad in three-piece Armani suits. There were fraudulent appraisals, my-dead-cow-for-your-dead-horse swaps, 100 percent loan-to-value ADC loans on raw dirt, rapid multiple flips that would have taxed Shawn Johnson, and similar shenanigans. The damages were also limited to certain regions of the country where real estate bubbles were exploited (or partially created) by financial institutions who engaged in outright speculation until those bubbles burst. Also, many of the worst players were (relatively) smaller players.

In the latest debacle, the causes of losses are more complicated and the resulting economic consequences much more devastating and widespread. Many of the hundreds of banks that failed collapsed because they were steamrolled by the swiftness of the onset, and the depth, of the economic collapse triggered, in large part, by subprime residential mortgage loans, the complex web of securities they spawned, and the resulting residential real estate inflation. Commercial real estate wasn't the primary cause of the collapse this time, it was a casualty of the collapse. You can argue until you're blue in the face about the nuances of fiduciary duties and CRE concentrations, but in all but the low hanging fruit cases, the FDIC doesn't have smoking guns laying in plain sight to use to extract huge settlements or litigation awards out of either defendants or, more importantly, their insurance companies, who are fighting back.

As to the lack of a "deterrent" to future potential wrongdoers that allegedly results from not making settlements public, I wouldn't be concerned that "silent settlements" are encouraging prospective bank officers and directors to do anything. Those who haven't said "screw it" and opted to sip mai-tais in Cabo until they need their livers "Rolfed," or are seriously considering an alternative exit strategy, aren't chomping at the bit to jump feet-first back into subprime anything or to make CRE or any other product or service their concentration-of-choice, and their primary regulatory supervisors wouldn't let them go there even if they yearned to do so. "Other bankers" are plenty scared Mr. Newsome, without the need to read about FDIC settlements. At least, that's the story with the vast number of smaller banks in this country.

I suppose there might be some deterrent effect if the FDIC announced settlements against the officers and directors of the large Wall Street banks that helped create the mess we're in and which then failed, so that future Wall Street bankers would...oops...none of them failed. That's right: they were bailed out. My bad!

Buried in the story is the rationale for keeping mum (until FOIA forces disclosure) about settlements.

Defendants benefit by settling because they can avoid admitting guilt and limit the damages they might face in court. The FDIC benefits by collecting money without the hassle and expense of litigation. The no-press-release arrangements help close those deals.

Those are valid reasons, and they make sense for both parties.

Let's hope the Times drills a little deeper next time and strikes oil instead of gas.

Georgia On My Mind

2012-12-17T21:59:00-06:00

From the "that was quick" department comes the news (via Kevin LaCroix's D&O Diary) that a mere week after a jury rendered a verdict against a group of former IndyMac officers and in favor of the FDIC on a D&O lawsuit, the former CEO of IndyMac, Michael Perry, settled his FDIC lawsuit for $1 million and an assignment of his claims against IndyMac's D&O insurance carrier. As Kevin astutely observes, "the FDIC’s settlement with Perry also appears in large measure to be about the D&O insurance."

In other words, it appears that the $11 million insurance portion of Perry’s settlement with the FDIC basically represents a claim check for the agency to try to redeem in the interpleader action. Because there are numerous other claimants each attempting to assert their own claims to the insurance proceeds, it will remain to be seen how much of the $11 million insurance portion of its settlement with Perry the FDIC will ultimately collect.

Kevin also noticed another interesting aspect of the settlement agreement.

[T]he FDIC expressly acknowledges that the FDIC’s complaint “does not allege that Mr. Perry caused the Bank to fail or that he caused a loss to the FDIC insurance fund.” Nevertheless, on December 14, 2012, the FDIC entered – apparently with Perry’s consent – an Order of Prohibition from Further Participation (here) reciting that Perry “engaged or participated in unsafe or unsound banking practices” at IndyMac; that these practices "demonstrate [his] unfitness" to serve as a director or officer at any FDIC-insured institution; and prohibiting him from involvement in any financial institution. The Am Law Litigation Daily article quotes Perry’s counsel as saying with respect to this order, to which Perry consented, that “the FDIC extracted this condition at the eleventh hour because they could,” and that “the FDIC knew Perry was out of insurance funds, and they took advantage of the situation."

"Were not alleging that he caused a loss to the insurance fund, but we're alleging that he engaged in unsafe and unsound practices and must be banned from the business until hell freezes over."

Only lawyers could think of getting away with serving up such contradictory baloney with a straight face. Then again, when a large segment of your profession is basically shameless, its not such a stretch.

Kevin's blog post also discusses a recent FDIC lawsuit against former officers and directors of a failed Georgia bank as evidence that the FDIC has it in for the land of peaches. One third of all FDIC lawsuits arising out of the current crop of bank failures have been filed against officers and directors of Georgia banks (even though Georgia bank failures represent 18% of all failures), and the last four lawsuits filed by the FDIC all involve failed Georgia banks. That's good news for Georgia defense lawyers (and FDIC lawyers, for that matter), but a lousy omen for Georgia bankers. When I made the statement in one of my recent speeches that being a bank officer or director was the equivalent to being a featured actor in "The Hurt Locker," I didn't have Georgia on my mind, but I should have.

An in-house counsel for one of my good clients recently said candidly over lunch, "Why would anyone want to be a community bank director, given the FDIC's perfect 20/20 hindsight, exercised years after decisions are made?" I couldn't think of an answer for that one. Certainly, in Georgia, I wouldn't sign on to a directorship without combat pay.